Physical chemistry is a branch of science that attempts to understand chemical phenomena essentially from atomic and molecular structures based on knowledge of physics (e.g., thermodynamics and quantum mechanics) and to express various properties quantitatively (quoted from the textbook "Foreword"). The goals of the lecture are as follows:
1. Explains the states of matter, their characteristics, and the changes of state between phases, and solves related applied problems
2. Explains the difference between ideal gas and real gas and their treatment by equation of state, and solves related application problems
3. Explains radiation and radioactive decay in radioactive materials and solves application problems related to the use of radiation and nuclear energy.
4. Describes equilibrium, kinetics and analysis of chemical reaction by using thermodynamics and solve relevant problems.
5. Describes basics of quantum mechanics and solves basic problms.
Outline:
The course will be offered once a week. In this course, students learn about states of matter, ideal gases, and real gases, and understand how to handle gases using the equation of state. This concept is very useful for handling high-pressure gases in the chemical industry and for designing pressure-resistant vessels and high-pressure reaction vessels. Students will also learn about nuclear reactions of radioactive materials and the characteristics of radiation to deepen their understanding of the use of radiation and nuclear energy. Next, students learn to describe chemical eqilibrium, chemical kinetics, and the property of chmical reaction using the knowledge of thermodynamics. This knowledge is indispensable to the manufacturers of chmicals designing materials, temperature, aging, and yield. Students also study basic quantum mechanics for the introduction of quantum chemistry.
Style:
Students are expected to read the textbook and solve preparatory problems in advance. The class will mainly consist of (1) a confirmation test, (2) explanations in the textbook, and (3) exercises. (2) The explanations in the textbook will be based on familiar phenomena and concrete examples, and visual learning through slides and videos will be incorporated. (3) In the exercises, after confirming how to solve example problems, students work alone or in groups to solve exercises to promote the retention of knowledge and skills through experience and to acquire the ability to apply them. Each class will be reviewed using the LMS (manaba) to organize the main points of the study content.
【30 hours of class time + 15 hours of self-study】
Notice:
Students are expected to make sure that their knowledge and skills are firmly established through preparation and exercises. The contents covered in physical chemistry cannot be expected to have any learning effect unless the students actually tackle the exercises by themselves.
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Theme |
Goals |
| 1st Semester |
| 1st Quarter |
| 1st |
States of matter (1) - Three states of matter and state change |
Explains the mutual changes in the three states of matter.
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| 2nd |
States of matter (2) - gases and liquids |
Basic calculations using the equation of state for ideal gases, the van der Waals equation for real gases, and the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
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| 3rd |
States of matter (3) - solids and intermediate phases |
Explains the crystal structure of solids and the characteristics of liquid crystals and soft viscous crystals as intermediate phases.
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| 4th |
Ideal gas (1) - Properties of ideal gas |
Understands the equation of state and be able to calculate temperature, pressure, and volume.
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| 5th |
Ideal gas (2) - Properties of mixed gases |
Understands the partial and total pressures of a mixture of gases and be able to calculate the partial and total pressures of an ideal gas from its mole fraction and equation of state.
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| 6th |
Ideal gas (3) - Theory of gas molecular kinetics |
Calculates gas pressure from gas molecular kinetics and explains the relationship between temperature and molecular motion.
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| 7th |
Ideal gas (4) - Molecular velocity distribution |
Explains that the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution represents the velocity distribution of molecules, and calculates the mean velocity and mean free path of molecules.
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| 8th |
Exercises |
Solves exercises on the content studied in weeks 1-7.
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| 2nd Quarter |
| 9th |
Real gas (1) - Deviation from ideal gas |
Explains why real gases deviate from the ideal gas law in terms of molecular size and intermolecular forces of attraction. Explains critical temperatures.
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| 10th |
Real gas (2) - Equation of state |
Calculates the p-Vm-T relationship for real gases using the van der Waals or virial equation of state.
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| 11th |
Real gas (3) - Correspondence state principle |
Obtains the p-Vm-T relationship for real gases using the generalized Z diagram based on the corresponding state principle.
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| 12th |
Real gases (4) - Application to mixtures |
Obtains the p-Vm-T relationship for real mixed gases using the van der Waals equation, the virial equation of state, and a generalized Z diagram.
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| 13th |
Nuclear Reactions and Radiation (1) - Radiation and its Properties |
Explains the types and properties of radiation.
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| 14th |
Nuclear Reactions and Radiation (2) - Radioactive Material, Radioactivity, Radiation |
Explains the difference between radioactive materials, radioactivity, and radiation, and solves various calculation problems related to radioactive decay.
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| 15th |
Nuclear Reactions and Radiation (3) - Radiation and Nuclear Energy Applications |
Explains how radiation and nuclear energy is used and calculate nuclear energy.
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| 16th |
Exercise |
Solves exercises on the content studied in weeks 9-15.
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| 2nd Semester |
| 3rd Quarter |
| 1st |
Chemical equilitrium (1) |
1) Explains the law of mass action.
2) Explains Le Chatelier's principle.
3) Describes the direction of equilibrium shift when concentration, pressure, and temperature change in equilibrium.
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| 2nd |
Chemical equilitrium (2) |
1) Explains concentration and pressure equilibrium constants.
2) Describes the pressure equilibrium constant in terms of Gibbs energy.
3) Calculates equilibrium composition (partial pressure) using equilibrium constants.
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| 3rd |
Chemical equilitrium (3) |
1) Explains the effect of pressure on chemical equilibrium in terms of pressure equilibrium constants.
2) Explains the effect of temperature on chemical equilibrium using the pressure equilibrium constant.
3) Calculates pressure equilibrium constants at different temperatures using the van’t Hoff’s equation.
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| 4th |
Chemical equilitrium (4) |
1) Describes equilibrium constants for heterogeneous reactions.
2) Describes the temperature dependence of the dissociation pressure.
3) Solves problems involving chemical equilibria of reactions involving solid phases.
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| 5th |
Chemical kinetics (1) |
1) Describes and calculates reaction rates in terms of concentrations.
2) Describes reaction rate equations and explain reaction orders.
3) Explains how to determine reaction orders experimentally.
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| 6th |
Chemical kinetics (2) |
1) Calculates rate equations for first-order reactions.
2) Calculates rate equations for second-order reactions (unimolecular and bimolecular reactions).
3) Calculates half-lives of reactions.
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| 7th |
Exercise |
Solves exercises on the content studied in weeks 1-6.
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| 8th |
Midterm exam. |
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| 4th Quarter |
| 9th |
Property of chemical reaction (1) |
1) Formulates rate equations for consecutive reactions and solve problems.
2) Formulates rate equations for reversible reactions and solve problems.
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| 10th |
Property of chemical reaction (2) |
1) Explains elementary reactions and rate-limiting steps.
2) Derives rate equations for a group of elementary reactions including a rate-limiting step.
3) Derives rate equations for concomitant reactions.
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| 11th |
Property of chemical reaction (3) |
1) Describes the temperature dependence of activation energy and reaction rate.
2) Determines the activation energy using the Arrhenius equation.
3) Describes a catalyst and explains the mechanism of accelerating the rate of a reaction.
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| 12th |
Basic quantum mechanics (1) |
1) Describes the background of the birth of quantum theory.
2) Describes the blackbody radiation distribution and the quantum energy hypothesis.
3) Describes the photoelectric effect and the quantum photon hypothesis.
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| 13th |
Basic quantum mechanics (2) |
1) Describes the photoelectric effect and the light quantum hypothesis.
2) Describes the line spectrum of hydrogen atoms.
3) Describes Bohr's atomic model.
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| 14th |
Basic quantum mechanics (3) |
1) Describes Bohr's quantum condition and frequency condition.
2) Describes the uncertainty principle.
3) Describes the outline of Schrödinger's equation.
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| 15th |
Basic quantum mechanics (4) |
1) Derives the time-independent Schrödinger equation.
2) Describes the meaning and properties of wave functions.
3) Solves the Schrödinger equation for a particle in a one-dimensional box.
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| 16th |
Exercise |
Solves exercises on the content studied in weeks 9-15.
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